Pyrolysis apparatus of waste material

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a pyrolysis apparatus of a waste material. The pyrolysis apparatus includes a pyrolysis furnace thermally decomposing an introduced waste material by using air, an upper gate installed at an upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace such that the upper gate is open or closed, and closed after the waste material has been introduced; a lower gate installed below the upper gate such that the lower gate is open or closed, a main valve connected with the exhaust pipe and installed in a main pipe communicating with an inner part of the pyrolysis furnace, a sub-valve connected with the exhaust pipe and installed in a sub-pipe communicating with the inner part of the pyrolysis furnace, and a gas purifying unit receiving gas exhausted from the pyrolysis furnace, aerating the gas into water, and purifying the gas through a filter.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit and priority of KR 2010-0116340filed Nov. 22, 2010. The entire disclosure of the above application isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis apparatus. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to a pyrolysis apparatuscapable of thermally decomposing various waste materials whilerestricting the concentration of dioxin or air pollutants to anenvironmental regulation value or less.

2. Discussion

Most people like pleasant environment. A variety of waste materialsinclude daily wastes to pollute environment. In order to properlydispose the waste materials, various ideas and devices have beendeveloped. The waste materials may be buried in a landfill or burned ina crematory.

Among incinerators according to the related art, “movable incinerator”has been disclosed in Korean Unexamined Patent No. 1019980084726 inwhich the incinerator includes a combustion container body A including avertical steel cylinder equipped with a nozzle and a furnace wall formedwith an insulating material and a movable mounting plate B coupled withthe combustion container body A. A plurality of combustion air entrancesections 3 having first to third air spray nozzles are arranged at apredetermined interval at the lower end of the vertical steel cylinder.The first air spray nozzle makes contact with the inner wall of thelower end of the cylindrical container while being mounted around theinner wall and communicates with an air introducing passage having aplurality of pores, and the second spray nozzle is provided at thecentral portion through a radiation pipe, which is provided at the lowerportion thereof with pores and made of a heat-resistance fillermaterial, and communicates with an air supply container made of aheat-resistance filler material and having pores at the lower portionthereof. The third air spray nozzle communicates with a primitive ductmade of heat-resistance filler material and having pores at the lowerportion, thereby forming a rostol. A combustion air exhaust tube isinstalled in a cylindrical container. The combustion air exhaust tube isprovided on a main wall thereof with pores and an outer container is putaround the combustion air exhaust tube, so that secondary combustion airis introduced. Two semi-circular open/close plates and facing each otheron a rectangular frame having wheels are provided at the lower portionof the combustion container body A, thereby forming a remaining limeexhaust device manipulated by support levers and release levers. Themovable mounting table includes a typical remaining lime collectingplate provided directly under the remaining lime exhaust device.

In addition, Korean Unexamined Patent No. 1020000060381 discloses anincineration apparatus for a combustible rubbish”. According to theabove patent application, combustion air is directly heated in anincinerator and supplied in an incinerator. A combustion flame isdiffused and collected repeatedly, so that the combustion flame issmoothly mixed with combustion air. Accordingly, perfect combustion canbe achieved. The exhaust gas is exhausted through a dust collector underwater, so that smoke, carbon, and toxic gas of the combustion gas aredissolved in water and discharged in the pollution-free state. Indetail, as shown in FIG. 1, a combustion material and flame diffusingplate, which has a quadrilateral pyramid with a plurality of air sprayholes, is provided at the upper portion of the incinerator. Combustionmaterial and smoke guiding holes are provided around the combustionmaterial and flame diffusing plate. An air guiding passage formed aroundthe incinerator communicates with an air guiding pipe, which has the airspray holes formed in left, right, front, and rear directions and isprovided in a longitudinal direction, a short air guiding pipe, and thelower portion of the combustion material and flame diffusing plate. Anignition member is provided at one side of the incinerator.

When waste materials are incinerated, problems to be solved in terms ofthe protection of the environment occurs in relate to the disposing of adioxin material and air pollutants.

The dioxin-based materials include many isomers. The isomers areclassified according to the substitution number of polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), poly chlorinated dibenzo furan (PCDF), andchlorine (Cl). According to the thermal decomposition mechanism of thedioxin-based material in a pyrolysis furnace, an immature organicmaterial of the waste materials according to the thermal decompositionor an imperfect thermal decomposition is generated from the surface of afly ash due to the catalytic action of copper chloride. PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as mothballs, anthracene, chrysene,pirene, or phenanthrene, generated from thermal decomposition isdecomposed through the catalytic action, or combustible gas generateddue to the thermal decomposition reacts with Cl due to the catalyticaction to form a precursor of chlorophenol (C6H3CL30). The chlorophenol(C6H3CL30) is subject to a condensation reaction to generate adioxin-based material such as PCDD.

In the pyrolysis furnace according to the related art, gas leaks to theoutside through an introduction port of the waste materials, so that awork environment is deteriorated. In addition, regarding theconventional introduction port, a person manually opens a door of theintroduction port, so that workability is degraded. When discharginggas, which is thermally decomposed, carbon monoxide is excessivelydischarged through the outlet. In addition, if the pressure is increasedin the pyrolysis furnace, gas may flow back.

In order to solve the above problem, a pyrolysis furnace is disclosed inKorean Unexamined Patent No. 10-2008-0042579. As shown in FIG. 2, theabove invention is suggested to prevent dioxin or bad smell whileeffectively performing thermal decomposition of various waste materialsat the temperature of 300° C. or less. Accordingly, the recombination ofdioxin can be prevented. As shown in FIG. 2, the pyrolysis furnaceincludes a pyrolysis section, which thermally decomposes waste materialsintroduced from a space isolated from an external space by theinsulating bricks to exhaust gas, and bubbling vessels to aerate the gasexhausted from the pyrolysis section into vapor, so that toxic materialsare absorbed into water. In detail, the pyrolysis furnace includes thepyrolysis section, which is made of insulating bricks and isolated fromthe external space, air inlet ports, which are provided at the wall ofthe pyrolysis section to allow air to be naturally input into thepyrolysis section, an air restriction unit, which restricts an inflowamount of air by fastening the air inlet ports, pairs of magnets, whichform a magnetic field on an air passage to guide air to the pyrolysissection from the air inlet ports to magnetism-treat the thermaldecomposition air, waste material supports supporting waste materialsthrough a gate having the form of a shelf in a heat-resistance vessel, agas exhaust hole provided on the wall of the pyrolysis section, a toxicmaterial removing unit, which aerates the exhaust gas discharged fromthe gas exhaust hole in the water vessel to remove the toxicity of theexhaust gas, a catalysis system 19 for absorbing dioxin-based materialsor flons of the exhaust gas which are difficult to be decomposed, and anexhaust unit to exhaust gas into air by using a fan.

In the pyrolysis furnace according to the related art, gas leaks to theoutside through an introduction port of the waste materials, so that awork environment may be deteriorated. In addition, a person manuallyopens a door of an introduction port according to the related art, sothat workability is degraded.

When discharging gas, which is thermally decomposed, carbon monoxide isexcessively discharged through the outlet.

In addition, if the pressure is increased in the pyrolysis furnace, gasmay flow back.

When the gas, which is subject to thermal decomposition, is aerated intothe water, tar is generated, so that the bubbling vessel cannot smoothlyoperate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to allow waste materials to bemore easily introduced into a pyrolysis furnace and prevent gas fromleaking to the outside through an introduction port.

Another object of the present invention is to continuously introducewaste materials while stably maintaining a thermal decompositionenvironment in the pyrolysis furnace.

Still another object of the present invention is to reduce thecontamination level of gas generated after thermal decomposition hasbeen performed.

Still yet another object of the present invention is to prevent gas fromflowing back when thermally decomposing waste materials.

In order to accomplish the objects of the present invention, there isprovided a pyrolysis apparatus of a waste material including a pyrolysisfurnace thermally decomposing fuel supplied in the pyrolysis furnace andan introduced waste material by using air introduced through an airinlet port to exhaust gas, an upper gate installed at an upper portionof the pyrolysis furnace such that the upper gate is open or closed, andclosed after the waste material has been introduced, a lower gateinstalled below the upper gate such that the lower gate is open orclosed, defining a storage space together between the lower gate and theupper gate, and introducing a waste material stored in the storage spaceinto the pyrolysis furnace, and a gas purifying unit receiving gasexhausted from the pyrolysis furnace, aerating the gas into water sothat a toxic material of the gas is adsorbed onto the water, andpurifying the gas through a filter.

The upper gate of the pyrolysis furnace is provided at an upper endthereof with a waste material introduction port having a cover that isopen or closed.

The upper and lower gates are automatically controlled to be open orclosed with a predetermined time difference, and operated by a cylinder.

In another aspect, there is provided a pyrolysis apparatus of a wastematerial including a pyrolysis furnace thermally decomposing a wastematerial introduced into an inner space of the pyrolysis furnace byusing air introduced through an air inlet port to exhaust gas into anexhaust pipe, a main valve connected with the exhaust pipe, installed ina main pipe communicating with an inner part of the pyrolysis furnace,and turned on in thermal decomposition of the waste material to properlyadjust an internal pressure of the pyrolysis furnace, a sub-valveconnected with the exhaust pipe, installed in a sub-pipe communicatingwith the inner part of the pyrolysis furnace, and turned on if theinternal pressure of the pyrolysis furnace exceeds a preset pressure toexhaust gas, and a gas purifying unit receiving gas exhausted from thepyrolysis furnace, aerating the gas into water so that a toxic materialof the gas is adsorbed onto the water, and purifying the gas through afilter.

The pyrolysis apparatus further includes a gas removing valve connectedwith the exhaust pipe, and installed in a gas removing pipecommunicating with the storage space to exhaust gas remaining in thestorage space.

The pyrolysis apparatus further includes an exhaust pump serving as apower source to exhaust gas from the pyrolysis furnace and the storagespace. The exhaust pump operates at an RPM higher than a normal RPM toexhaust the gas when the sub-valve or the gas removing valve is open.

The pyrolysis apparatus further includes an exhaust pipe to exhaust gasdischarged from a bubbling vessel, a carbon monoxide reduction unit tomake a carbon monoxide component of introduced gas react with catalysisand change the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, in order to make gasdischarged from the bubbling vessel react with the catalysis to lowerthe concentration of the gas, so that the gas having a loweredconcentration is exhausted through the exhaust pipe, and a heater toheat the gas making contact with the catalysis at a proper temperatureso that the gas reacts with the catalysis.

The pyrolysis apparatus further includes magnets provided in an inletport to supply air into the pyrolysis furnace.

As described above, according to the present invention, upper and lowergates are installed in double at the waste material introduction portionused to introduce waste materials. The lower gate is open in a statethat the upper gate is closed. Accordingly, the gas remaining betweenthe upper and lower gates does not leak to the outside, so that a workenvironment can be improved. Since the gates are operated by cylinders,the workability can be improved.

According to the present invention, the exhaust pipe is installed at theexhaust port, and carbon monoxide of the gas is changed into carbondioxide. Accordingly, the concentration of exhausted gas can be lowered.

According to the present invention, if the internal pressure of thepyrolysis furnace is increased, gas can be effectively exhausted by thesub-valve. Accordingly, the gas can be prevented from flowing back, andthe thermal decomposition of the waste materials can be stablyperformed.

According to the present invention, the tar element prevents theoperating efficiency from being lowered due to the storage of tarcomponents and easily performs maintenance. The drain exhaust unit isinstalled and simply manipulated, so that drains can be easilyexhausted. The heater and the carbon monoxide reduction unit areseparately installed, so that the maintenance time can be increased.Toxic exhaust gas can be prevented, and the operating maintenance costcan be saved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an apparatus for incinerating a flammable waste materialaccording to the related art;

FIG. 2 is a view showing a pyrolysis furnace according to the relatedart;

FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of a pyrolysis apparatusaccording to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which avertical plane of the pyrolysis apparatus matches with the ground;

FIG. 4 is a view showing the structure of a waste material introductionport of the pyrolysis apparatus according to the first embodiment of thepresent invention; and

FIG. 5 is view showing the structure of a pyrolysis apparatus accordingto a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing the sectional surface of the tar elementaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, a pyrolysis apparatus according to an exemplary embodimentof the present invention will be described with reference toaccompanying drawings.

FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of a pyrolysis apparatusaccording to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 isa view showing the structure of a waste material introduction port ofthe pyrolysis apparatus according to the first embodiment of the presentinvention.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the pyrolysis apparatus according to thepresent invention includes a pyrolysis furnace 1. The pyrolysis furnace1 is disclosed in Korean Patent Application No. 10-2008-0042579 byapplicant of the present application in which various waste materialscan be thermally decomposed under a temperature of about 300° C. whiledioxin or bad smell is being prevented.

The pyrolysis furnace 1 is a place in which waste materials are actuallydecomposed through heating, and surrounded by refractory bricks 2. Therefractory bricks 2 have a cylindrical shape and form a closed region tosurround the pyrolysis furnace 1 to actually isolate the pyrolysisfurnace 1 from an external space.

Since the lateral surface and the bottom surface of the pyrolysisfurnace 1 make contact to a thermal decomposition reaction regionaccording to the entrance state of waste materials, a high temperatureexceeding a thermal decomposition temperature may locally occur.Accordingly, the lateral surface and the bottom surface of the pyrolysisfurnace may be constructed by using the refractory bricks 2. However,since the upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace 1 makes contact withonly gas after reaction, even a local region of the upper portion of thepyrolysis furnace 1 is not exposed to an abnormal temperature.Accordingly, the refractory bricks 2 may not be provided in the upperportion of the pyrolysis furnace 1. However, a protection member againstthe high temperature may be installed in the upper portion of thepyrolysis furnace 1 according to the installation places for the purposeof safety.

Meanwhile, air inlet ports 4 and 5 (see FIG. 2) are provided in thelower portion of the pyrolysis furnace 1 to supply air for thermaldecomposition to the pyrolysis furnace 1. The air inlet port is providedin such a manner that a plurality of valves surround the edges of thepyrolysis furnace 1. An air passage of the air inlet port is providedtherein with a magnet to form a magnetic field. Two or four magnets areattached onto inner walls of the air passage to apply a magnetic fieldto air passing through the air passage. In this case, north poles of themagnets may face each other, or north and south poles of the magnets mayface each other. In addition, the north and south poles of the magnetsmay be offset from each other. When air is introduced in a state thatthe magnet field is applied to the air, fire is not distinguished evenin low-temperature thermal decomposition. However, if air without themagnetic field is introduced, fir may be distinguished in thelow-temperature thermal decomposition. Accordingly, applying a magneticfield to the air passage of the air inlet port is very important.

The pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided therein with an upper waste materialsupport 6 and a lower waste material support 8. Waste materialsintroduced into the pyrolysis furnace 1 are supported by the upper andlower waste material supports 6 and 8. The upper and lower wastematerial supports 6 and 8 are provided therein with a heat transfermodule (not shown) such as charcoal to supply heat required to thermaldecomposition of the waste materials. Although not shown, other detailsof the pyrolysis furnace 1 are disclosed in Korean Patent ApplicationNo. 10-2008-0042579.

A waste material introduction port 10 is provided at an open upperportion of the pyrolysis furnace 1. The waste material introduction port10 has a width and a height smaller than those of the pyrolysis furnace1. The waste material introduction port 10 protrudes from the pyrolysisfurnace 1 and is installed at a predetermined height. The waste materialintroduction port 10 is a place in which waste materials are primarystored before the waste materials are put into the pyrolysis furnace 1.

The waste material introduction port 10 is open or closed by a cover 12.The cover 12 is rotatably mounted on an upper end of the waste materialintroduction port 10 to open or close the waste material introductionport 10.

In addition, the waste material introduction port 10 is provided thereinwith a storage space 14 in which waste materials are primarily stored.The storage space 14 is provided at upper and lower portions thereofwith rotatable upper and lower gates 16 and 18, respectively. The upperand lower gates 16 and 18 rotate by upper and lower cylinders 17 and 19installed in the lateral surfaces of the waste material introductionport 10. As shown in FIG. 3, the upper gate 16 is rotatable upward, andthe lower gate 18 is rotatable downward.

According to the present invention, gates are installed in double at thewaste material introduction port 10, so that gas generated from wastematerials is prevented from leaking to the outside. In detail, the gates16 and 18 are not simultaneously open, but open with a predeterminedtime difference through an additional program.

In addition, since the double gates are installed at the waste materialintroduction port 10, the thermal decomposition environment of thepyrolysis furnace 1 can be stably maintained, so that waste materialscan be continuously introduced.

In detail, when a worker presses a start button in the open state of thecover 12, the upper gate 16 is open, so that the waste materials can beintroduced. Then, after 10 seconds elapse, the upper gate 16 may beautomatically closed, or may be manually closed. If a predetermined timeelapses after the upper gate 16 is closed, the lower gate 18 is open sothat the waste materials can be introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 1.The automatic operation is controlled by a controller. The controllermay include a typical electronic controller to receive signals from asensor to control operating devices. The controller is not shown in theaccompanying drawings in order to avoid the complexity of the drawings.

The gas generated from the waste materials are blocked by the upper andlower gates 16 and 19 so that the gas leakage can be minimized, andexternal air is not introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 1. Inaddition, only if the worker presses the start button, the aboveprocedure is achieved, so that the thermal decomposition work can besimplified.

In addition, after the waste materials are introduced into the pyrolysisfurnace 1, gas remaining in the storage space 14 in the closed state ofthe lower gate 18 is discharged to the outside by a gas removing valve30 to be described below.

As described above, since the upper and lower gates 16 and 18 are openor closed with a predetermined time difference, the waste materials canbe continuously decomposed. In detail, conventionally, after the wastematerials have been completely decomposed, the cover 12 must be open andwaste materials must be introduced and thermally decomposed. However,according to the present invention, the upper gate 16 can be open sothat new waste materials can be introduced during the thermaldecomposition of existing waste materials. In addition, during thethermal decomposition of the waste materials, the lower gate 18 can openand waste materials can additionally introduced. Accordingly, thermaldecomposition can be continuously achieved.

A main pipe 20 is installed in the pyrolysis furnace 1 to communicatewith an outside. The main pipe 20 communicates with the internal part ofthe pyrolysis furnace 1 to properly adjust the pressure of the pyrolysisfurnace 1. Gas exhausted through the main pipe 20 is adjusted by a mainvalve 22. The main valve 22 is controlled to be always turned on if thepyrolysis apparatus is turned on, and to be closed if the pyrolysisapparatus is turned off. Therefore, according to the present invention,when the pyrolysis apparatus is in the turn-on state, the gas of thepyrolysis furnace 1 is exhausted through the main pipe 20 so that thepressure can be properly maintained.

For reference, the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is measured by anexternal differential pressure gauge.

The pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided therein with a sub-pipe 24 as wellas the main pipe 20 for the purpose of the communication with theoutside. Gas exhausted through the sub-pipe 24 is adjusted by asub-valve 26. The sub-valve 26 exhausts gas through the sub-pipe 24 whenthe internal pressure of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is higher than apresent pressure value, so that the gas cannot be exhausted only throughthe main pipe 20. In other words, the main valve 22 is always maintainedin an open state, and the sub-valve 26 may be open or closed accordingto the internal pressure of the pyrolysis furnace 1.

Meanwhile, gas remaining in the storage space 14 of the waste materialintroduction port 10 is exhausted through a gas removing pipe 28. Thegas exhausted through the gas removing pipe 28 is adjusted by a gasremoving valve 30. In other words, gas remaining between the upper andlower gates 16 and 18 when the waste material is introduced is removedthrough the gas removing pipe 28 by turning on the gas removing valve30.

The main pipe 20, the sub-pipe 24, and the gas removing pipe 28 arecombined with each other in an exhaust pipe 32. The exhaust pipe 32allows gases exhausted through the pipes 20, 24, and 28 to meet witheach other and transfers the gases to bubbling vessels 34 and 40.

The bubbling vessels 34 and 40 make bubbles from introduced gas andexhaust the bubbles upward. Water contained in the bubbling vessels 34and 40 is maintained at a level higher than an outlet of the exhaustpipe 32. The water contained in the bubbling vessels 34 and 40 mayinclude chemicals such as calcium hydroxide solution or sodiumhydroxide, alkalescent synthetic detergent, and a defoamer according tothe neutralization action of gas. If gas is aerated into the bubblingvessels 34 and 40, toxic materials such as dioxin-based materials,tar-components, halogen-based components such as chloride or fluoride,or pyroligneous liquor are neutralized.

The bubbling vessel 40 is provided at the upper end thereof with a smokepassage 41 having a U shape. The contaminants of gas introduced into thebubbling vessel 40 are adsorbed by adsorbents 42 while passing throughthe water. The adsorbents 42 can lower the toxicity of chlorinatedorganic compounds, such as dioxin-based materials or PCB-basedmaterials, representing high toxicity, or chlorinated organic compoundssuch as chlorobenzene-based materials serving as precursors of the abovetoxic compounds. The adsorbents 42 may include inorganic adsorbents suchas zeolite, silica, or alumina as well as carbon adsorbents such asactivated carbon or a coking coal. In addition, the toxin of gas subjectto absorbents 44 is removed when the gas passes through a filterprovided in the bubbling vessel 40.

The bubbling vessels 34 and 40, the smoke passage 41, the adsorbents 42,the absorbents 44, and the filter 46 purify gas, which are referred toas a gas purifying device.

The gas subject to the bubbling vessels 40 passes through an exhaustpump 48. The exhaust pump 48 supplies power so that gas filled in thepyrolysis furnace 1 and the storage space 14 can be exhausted. If thegas filled in the pyrolysis furnace 1 has a pressure greater than apredetermined pressure, the sub-valve 26 is turned on, so that theexhaust pump 48 operates at above a normal RPM for a predetermined time(e.g., 40 seconds) to exhaust gas. In addition, the exhaust pump 48operates at a high RPM when exhausting gas remaining in the storagespace 14.

The gas, which has passed through the exhaust pump 48, is introducedinto an exhaust pipe 50. The exhaust pipe 50 is provided therein with aheater 52 and a carbon monoxide reduction device 54. The heater 52 heatsgas at a predetermined temperature to minimize the moisture of the gas,so that the gas has a state to smoothly react with a catalyst.

The carbon monoxide reduction device 54 accelerates the reaction withthe gas to reduce the concentration of gas. In other words, the carbonmonoxide reduction device 54 reacts with carbon monoxide mainlyconstituting exhaust gas to make carbon dioxide, so that theconcentration of the gas can be minimized. Since the carbon monoxidereduction device 54 reacts with gas purified through the adsorbents 42,absorbents 44, and the filter 46, a smaller amount of catalyst can berequired, and the life span of the catalyst can be increased.

Hereinafter, the process of thermally decomposing waste materials andthe process of exhausting gas generated in the thermal decompositionprocess in the pyrolysis apparatus according to the present inventionwill be described.

Before the waste materials are introduced, power is supplied to devicesfor the purpose of operation, and the pyrolysis furnace has beenprepared.

A worker presses an external start button (not shown) in the state thatthe cover 12 is open. Then, the upper gate 16 is open and the wastematerials are introduced. The upper gate 16 is manually open or closedafter a predetermined time elapses. The lower gate 18 is open in a statethat the upper gate 16 is closed. Next, after the waste materials aredropped into the pyrolysis furnace 1, the lower gate 18 is closed again.The automatic operations of the gates 16 and 18 are simply started orterminated through the pressing operation for the start button of theworker.

Gas remaining in the storage space 14 between the upper and lower gates16 and 18 is exhausted through the gas removing pipe 28. In other words,the gas removing valve 30 is open, and the exhaust pump 48 effectivelyexhausts gas by operating at above a normal RPM. In this case, the mainvalve 22 and the sub-valve 26 are in the closed state. The gas removingvalve 30 is in an open state for a predetermined time, for example,about 40 seconds, and closed again. The waste materials are thermallydecomposed in the pyrolysis furnace 1.

The main valve 22 is open during the thermal decomposition of the wastematerials, and the exhaust pump 48 operates at a normal RPM, so that thegas of the pyrolysis furnace 1 can be maintained at a proper pressure.

When the waste materials are thermally decomposed through the aboveprocedure, the gas filled in the pyrolysis furnace 1 may have a pressureexceeding a preset pressure value. If the pressure of the gas exceedsthe preset pressure value, the gas may flow back. Accordingly, the gasmust be exhausted to the outside. The internal pressure of the pyrolysisfurnace 1 can be checked by an external difference pressure gauge.

If the internal pressure of the pyrolysis furnace 1 exceeds apredetermined pressure value, the sub-valve 26 is open. Simultaneously,the exhaust pump 48 operates at above a normal RPM. The gas is exhaustedthrough the main pipe 20 and the sub-pipe 24 by the power of the exhaustpump 48. For reference, the gas removing valve 30 is not open, butmaintained in a closed state.

The gases exhausted through the main pipe 20 and the sub-pipe 24 meetwith each other in the exhaust pipe 32 and are introduced to thebubbling vessels 34 and 40. The gas introduced into the bubbling vessels34 and 40 are aerated into water of the bubbling vessels 34 and 40, thatis, water including alkalescent synthetic detergent, a defoamer, calciumhydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, or other chemicals. In thisaeration procedure, toxic materials such as dioxin-based materials,tar-components, halogen-based components such as chloride or fluoride,or pyroligneous liquor are neutralized.

In addition, gas (smoke), which has passed through the bubbling vessel40, passes through the adsorbents 42, the absorbents 44, and the filter46 along the smoke passage 41, so that environment stress materials suchas heavy metal materials or dioxin-based materials are removed from thegas. Accordingly, the gas can be purified.

The gas, which has passed through the bubbling vessel 40 and the smokepassage 41, is introduced into the exhaust pipe 50 through the exhaustpump 48. The gas introduced into the exhaust pipe 50 is heated throughthe heater 52, so that the gas has a temperature to sufficiently reactwith catalysis. Then, the gas reacts with the catalysis, so that carbonmonoxide is converted into carbon dioxide. Accordingly, the contaminantsare completely removed from the gas, so that purified gas is exhaustedto the outside.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a tar element200 is added to the first embodiment of the present invention, and aheater 300 and a carbon monoxide reduction device 400 are separatelyinstalled in an exhaust pipe, so that a more safe operation can beperformed.

The pyrolysis furnace 1 and the components 100 of the pyrolysis furnace1 have features identical to those of the first embodiment of thepresent invention except that drain valves 36 and 43 are installed atthe lower portion of the bubbling vessels 34 and 40 for the convenienceof the clean, an observation window 45 is additionally installed on thebubbling vessel 40 so that the inner part of the bubbling vessel 40 canbe observed, and a drain exhaust unit 47 is provided at the end portionof a reverse U shape smoke passage 41.

The drain exhaust unit 47 is connected to the end portion of the smokepassage through a valve 47-1 to collect drains, so that the collecteddrains can be exhausted to the outside through the valve 47-1. When thehot gas is aerated in a bubbling vessel, purified, and then exhaustedupward, the hot gas obtains moisture, and is condensed on the outer wallof the smoke passage 41 having a temperature similar to an ambienttemperature. Accordingly, the condensed water must be removed from theouter wall of the smoke passage 41 and exhausted. In this case, thedrain exhaust unit 47 is required.

According to the first embodiment, the heater 52 and the carbon monoxidereduction unit 54 are installed in one vertical case. However, accordingto the present embodiment, the heater 300 is installed in an individualcase having a longer length in the horizontal direction, and the carbonmonoxide reduction unit 400 is installed in an individual case andarranged in a vertical direction. Then, the exhaust pump 48 is installedat the rear end of the carbon monoxide reduction unit 400. If the heaterand the carbon monoxide reduction unit accommodated in one caseaccording to the first embodiment are separated from each other,metallic components are oriented in the transverse direction whenmetallic catalysis is used so that the metallic components may drop ontothe heater and make contact with a nichrome wire of the heater, therebycausing spots.

The heater adjusts the temperature of heated gas. In other words, theheater controls power through the detection of gas temperature at anoutput port of the carbon monoxide reduction unit, so that a propertemperature of the gas can be maintained. Since carbon monoxide issubject to exothermic reaction when the carbon monoxide is changed intocarbon dioxide to increase a temperature, the temperature adjustment ofthe heater is required to maintain the proper temperature.

The tar element 200 may generally include a cyclone or a filter-typedust collector to collect dust of gas. The sectional surface of the tarelement 200 according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention is shown in FIG. 6.

The tar element 600 includes a partition plate 230, which has asectional surface of “T” shape in a case 240 and is attached to a casecover 245, in order to guide the flow of air in the direction of arrows.The case 240 and the case cover 245 are coupled with each other in theform of a flange. Accordingly, the case 240 and the case cover 245 areseparated from each other for the purpose of cleaning according tooccasions. The exhaust pipe 32 of the pyrolysis furnace is connected toan inlet pipe 210 of the tar element 200, and an outlet pipe of the tarelement 200 is connected to an inlet pipe of the bubbling vessel 34.

The gas flows in the direction of arrows within the tar element 200.However, when the gas collides with a partition plate so that thedirection of gas flow is changed, tar particles are separated from theflow of the gas, so that the tar particles are piled on the tar element200. If a horizontal blade 235 is attached to the partition plate, thetar particles may be piled more effectively. The piled tar particles anddusts are cleaned through the separate of the case 240 and the casecover 245.

Since the operation of the pyrolysis furnace according to the secondembodiment is identical to the operation of the pyrolysis furnaceaccording to the first embodiment, the details of the operation of thepyrolysis furnace according to the second embodiment are omitted. Theexhaust of the piled tar or the manipulation of the drain exhaust unit47 may be manually performed.

Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed, it is understood that the present invention should not belimited to these exemplary embodiments but various changes andmodifications can be made by one ordinary skilled in the art within thespirit and scope of the present invention as hereinafter claimed.

1. A pyrolysis apparatus of a waste material comprising: a pyrolysisfurnace thermally decomposing fuel supplied in the pyrolysis furnace andan introduced waste material by using air introduced through an airinlet port to exhaust gas; an upper gate installed at an upper portionof the pyrolysis furnace such that the upper gate is open or closed, andclosed after the waste material has been introduced; a lower gateinstalled below the upper gate such that the lower gate is open orclosed, defining a storage space together between the lower gate and theupper gate, and introducing a waste material stored in the storage spaceinto the pyrolysis furnace; and a gas purifying unit receiving gasexhausted from the pyrolysis furnace, aerating the gas into water sothat a toxic material of the gas is adsorbed onto the water, andpurifying the gas through a filter.
 2. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim1, wherein the upper gate of the pyrolysis furnace is provided at anupper end thereof with a waste material introduction port having a coverthat is open or closed.
 3. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 2, whereinthe upper and lower gates are automatically controlled to be open orclosed with a predetermined time difference, and operated by a cylinder.4. A pyrolysis apparatus of a waste material comprising: a pyrolysisfurnace thermally decomposing a waste material introduced into an innerspace of the pyrolysis furnace by using air introduced through an airinlet port to exhaust gas into an exhaust pipe; a main valve connectedwith the exhaust pipe, installed in a main pipe communicating with aninner part of the pyrolysis furnace, and turned on in thermaldecomposition of the waste material to properly adjust an internalpressure of the pyrolysis furnace; a sub-valve connected with theexhaust pipe, installed in a sub-pipe communicating with the inner partof the pyrolysis furnace, and turned on if the internal pressure of thepyrolysis furnace exceeds a preset pressure to exhaust gas; and a gaspurifying unit receiving gas exhausted from the pyrolysis furnace,aerating the gas into water so that a toxic material of the gas isadsorbed onto the water, and purifying the gas through a filter.
 5. Thepyrolysis apparatus of claim 4, further comprising: an upper gateinstalled at an upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace such that theupper gate is open or closed, and closed after the waste material hasbeen introduced; a lower gate installed below the upper gate such thatthe lower gate is open or closed, defining a storage space togetherbetween the lower gate and the upper gate, and introducing a wastematerial stored in the storage space into the pyrolysis furnace; and agas removing valve connected with the exhaust pipe, and installed in agas removing pipe communicating with the storage space to exhaust gasremaining in the storage space.
 6. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 5,further comprising an exhaust pump serving as a power source to exhaustgas from the pyrolysis furnace and the storage space, wherein theexhaust pump operates at an RPM higher than a normal RPM to exhaust thegas when the sub-valve or the gas removing valve is open.
 7. Thepyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, the gas purifying unit includes: abubbling vessel storing water therein and aerating the gas exhaustedfrom the pyrolysis furnace into water so that toxic materials of the gasis adsorbed onto the water; a gas passage exhausting the gas from thebubbling vessel; an adsorbent provided in the gas passage to reduce thetoxic materials of the gas; an absorbent provided in the gas passage toreduce bad smell of the gas; a filter section provided in the gaspassage to reduce particles of the gas; a carbon monoxide reduction unitprovided in the gas passage to convert carbon monoxide into harmlessgas; and an exhaust pump provided in the gas passage to exhaust the gasto air.
 8. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, further comprising amagnet applying a magnetic field to air introduced into the pyrolysisfurnace through the air inlet port.
 9. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim1, further comprising a drain exhaust unit provided at an end portion ofa smoke passage.
 10. The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 8, wherein the airinlet port is installed around a lower end of the pyrolysis furnace, theair inlet port is provided therein with magnets to form a magneticfield, and north poles of the magnets face each other, north and southpoles of the magnets face each other, or the north and south poles ofthe magnets are offset from each other without facing each other. 11.The pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a tar elementinterposed between a gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace and a frontstage of the gas purifying unit to remove tar components from gasgenerated from the pyrolysis furnace.
 12. The pyrolysis apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the gas is aerated into water of a bubbling vesselincluding a chemical selected from the group consisting of calciumhydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, alkalescent synthetic detergent,and a defoamer, so that a toxic material selected from the groupconsisting of dioxin-based materials, tar-components, halogen-basedcomponents including chloride or fluoride, and pyroligneous liquor isneutralized.